Which factor is NOT considered an advantage of biometric authentication?

Biometric authentication is a method that relies on the unique physical characteristics of an individual to verify their identity. An advantage of biometric systems is that they are based on traits that are inherently unique to each person, such as fingerprints, irises, or voice patterns. This uniqueness greatly reduces the likelihood of unauthorized access since these traits cannot be easily replicated or shared.

Additionally, biometric traits are non-transferable. This means that the individual cannot lend their biometric identifiers to someone else for authentication purposes, which enhances security. Furthermore, biometric systems are resistant to forgery. Unlike traditional passwords or tokens, which can be stolen, duplicated, or shared, biometric attributes are much more difficult to forge, offering a heightened level of trustworthiness.

In contrast, high initial setup costs represent a disadvantage rather than an advantage of biometric systems. Implementing biometric authentication typically requires specialized hardware and software, which can be expensive. This aspect does not enhance security or usability but rather marks a potential barrier to entry when considering this authentication method. Thus, the high initial setup cost stands out as a factor that does not align with the advantages typically associated with biometric authentication.