Google's identity integration with various organizations and applications across domains is an example of what?

The scenario described regarding Google's identity integration with various organizations and applications across domains exemplifies the concept of federation. Federation allows for a seamless identity management experience across different systems and organizations, enabling users to use a single set of credentials to access multiple services. In this context, Google's implementation facilitates the sharing of identity information between different domains, leading to improved user convenience and streamlined access management.

Federation is characterized by standardized protocols and agreements, which enable disparate systems to authenticate users based on trusted identities without needing to create separate accounts for each system. This results in a more efficient process for both users and organizations. In Google's case, it often employs protocols like SAML (Security Assertion Markup Language) or OAuth to enable such integration, allowing users to authenticate with Google and gain access to various third-party applications.

This is distinct from the other concepts. Identity verification primarily focuses on ensuring that an individual's identity is legitimate, while centralized authentication is about managing identities and authentication in a single, centralized point as opposed to federated systems. Access control management deals more with the policies and mechanisms that determine what authenticated users are allowed to do, rather than how identities are federated across domains.